Supporting Distributed, Disrupted Command and Control: Annotated Bibliography

Author(s):

Rhyse Bendell and Jessica Williams

Abstract:

As modern command and control (C2) operations grow more complex, distributed, and digitally mediated, understanding teamwork and coordination alongside the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in augmenting them has become critical. This annotated bibliography consolidates a multidisciplinary body of scholarship spanning cognitive science, team dynamics, human factors, systems engineering, and AI design. Rather than offering a traditional narrative synthesis, it provides a structured and thematically organized reference resource, with each entry including a full citation, abstract, and expanded metadata to support further analysis. The bibliography is designed to inform future investigations into distributed, disrupted, and AI-augmented C2 teams by situating domainspecific research within a broader theoretical foundation. Following an “inverted pyramid” structure, it begins with general principles of team cognition and progressively narrows to address the unique characteristics of C2 teams, multi-team systems, and hybrid human–AI collaborations. This structure ensures both breadth and focus, providing a robust base for examining how human teams function under pressure, how they adapt and collaborate to solve complex problems, and how these processes may be transformed or supported through emerging technologies