Exploring High-Energy and High-Power Density Silicon-Anode Batteries for UAS Applications Under Extreme Operating Conditions

Author(s):

Soojin Park, Sungho Kim, Dong-Yeob Han, Jaeho Jung, and Chol-Bum M. Kweon

Abstract:

This study optimized silicon (Si)-anode lithium-ion batteries for unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), focusing on high discharge rates and low-temperature performance. Cathode and anode materials, electrolytes, and electrode architecture were refined using CR2032 coin cells and validated with pouch cells. Lithium iron phosphate was selected for its superior capacity retention, and 15 wt% Si was identified as the optimal anode composition. A localized high-concentration electrolyte (LDBFT 13311) with 5 wt% vinylene carbonate and chemical vapor deposition-deposited Si enhanced stability and scalability. Despite outperforming existing Si-anode technologies at –20 °C, capacity retention was limited to 28%, requiring thermal management for UAS viability. The battery is best suited for hybrid electric propulsion systems with short-duration high discharge rates and cold exposure.