Literature Review on Human Bioeffects of Electromagnetic Energy: A Complex Systems Perspective

Author(s):

Scott E Kerick

Abstract:

This report reviews the literature on biological effects of engineered and natural electromagnetic (EM) energy systems across spatiotemporal scales spanning orders of magnitude from a complex systems perspective. I first review the EM frequency spectrum and define complex systems and complexity. I then review multiple parameters giving rise to the complexity of EM energy systems and how these parameters dynamically interact to produce complex human bioeffects across molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels over time scales from milliseconds to years. Finally, I discuss outstanding issues and questions and suggest conceptual and analytical approaches for advancing future research from a more integrative and holistic perspective.